LCP
Category: Design
What is LCP?
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) is a performance metric that measures the time it takes to load the largest visual element in the viewport of a web page. This element can be an image, video, or text block.
LCP is one of the key metrics in Core Web Vitals by Google and directly affects user experience and SEO.
Why is LCP important?
Accepted loading speed
Users perceive the page as loaded when they see the main content
User experience
Fast loading of the main content improves user satisfaction
SEO impact
Google uses LCP as one of the key factors for ranking in the search engine
Business metrics
Good LCP leads to a lower bounce rate and higher conversion
Elements that LCP measures:
Images
- IMG elements
- SVG elements inside IMG
- Poster images of video
Video elements
- VIDEO elements
- Thumbnail images
Elements with background image
- Elements with CSS background-image
- Block-level elements
Text blocks
- Paragraph elements (p)
- Heading elements (h1-h6)
- DIV elements with text
Standards for LCP evaluation:
Good <e; 2.5 seconds
The page loads quickly and provides excellent user experience
Needs improvement 2.6 - 4.0 seconds
There are opportunities for optimization of loading speed
Weak > 4.0 seconds
The page loads too slowly and needs significant improvements
How is LCP measured?
Start of loading
LCP time starts from the moment of navigation start
Discovery of candidates
The browser identifies potential LCP elements
Rendering in viewport
The element must be visible in the viewport
Final LCP
The browser determines the largest element and the time it takes to load
Common reasons for bad LCP:
Slow server responses
Problem: The server takes too long to process requests
Solution: Optimize server code, caching, CDN
Render-blocking resources
Problem: CSS and JavaScript files block rendering
Solution: Critical CSS, async/defer scripts, code splitting
Slow loading of resources
Problem: Large images and media files
Solution: Image optimization, lazy loading, modern formats (WebP)
Slow client rendering
Problem: Too much JavaScript to execute
Solution: Minimize JavaScript, optimize code
Techniques for optimizing LCP:
Server optimizations
- Caching server responses
- CDN usage for static resources
- Gzip/Brotli compression
- Database optimizations
- HTTP/2 or HTTP/3 implementation
CSS optimizations
- Critical CSS inline - placing critical CSS in head
- Minimize CSS
- Remove unused CSS
- CSS delivery optimization
JavaScript optimizations
- Async/defer attributes for scripts
- Code splitting and lazy loading
- Minimize JavaScript
- Tree shaking for removing dead code
Images and media
- Image compression and optimization
- Modern formats (WebP, AVIF)
- Responsive images with srcset
- Lazy loading for images outside the viewport
- Preload important resources
Tools for measuring LCP:
- Google Lighthouse Full performance check including LCP
- PageSpeed Insights Online tool for analyzing LCP and other metrics
- Chrome DevTools Performance panel for detailed analysis of LCP
- Web Vitals Extension Browser extension for real-time measurement
- Google Search Console Core Web Vitals report for the entire site
Good practices for LCP:
- Prioritize critical resources - preload important images
- Optimize server response - target TTFB under 200ms
- Reduce resource size - compress images and code
- Eliminate render-blocking resources
- Use caching effectively
- Test regularly - monitoring LCP over time
- Optimize for mobile devices - most problematic